Lethbridge, a surgeon in the British administration, concluded that the punishment of transportation to the Andaman Islands was failing to achieve the purpose intended and that indeed criminals preferred to go there rather than be incarcerated in Indian jails. From August 1889 Charles James Lyall served as home secretary in the Raj government, and was also tasked with an investigation of the penal settlement at Port Blair. As a result, the number of prisoners being sent to the Andamans grew and the need for a high-security prison was felt. īy the late 19th century, the independence movement had picked up momentum. The convicts were also used in chain gangs to construct prisons, buildings and harbour facilities. Not only were they isolated from the mainland, the overseas journey ( kala pani) to the islands also threatened them with loss of caste, resulting in social exclusion. The remote islands were considered to be a suitable place to punish the independence activists. Port Blair - Viper New Jails under construction
Anyone who belonged to the Mughal royal family, or who had sent a petition to Bahadur Shah Zafar during the Rebellion was liable to be deported to the islands. More prisoners arrived from India and Burma as the settlement grew. Luke's Church, Abbottabad, and later died there and is buried at the Old Christian Cemetery, Abbottabad. Corbyn was posted in 1866 as Vicar to St.
Henry Fisher Corbyn, of the Bengal Ecclesiastical Establishment, was also sent out there and he set up the 'Andamanese Home' there, which was also a repressive institution albeit disguised as a charitable one. Another 733 from Karachi arrived in April, 1868. Two hundred rebels were transported to the islands under the custody of the jailer David Barry and Major James Pattison Walker, a military doctor who had been warden of the prison at Agra. Others were exiled for life to the Andamans to prevent them from re-offending. Shortly after the rebellion was suppressed, captured prisoners were put on trial, with many of them being executed. The Ross Island Prison Headquarters, 1872
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